CG Programs

 1. To draw a line using simple DDA algorithm 

#include<stdio.h> #include<math.h> #include<conio.h> #include<graphics.h> void dda() { int x1,x2,y1,y2,i,step,xinc,yinc,dx,dy; printf("ENTER THE STARTING COORDINATE: "); scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1); printf("ENTER THE END POINT COORDINATE: "); scanf("%d %d",&x2,&y2); dx=x2-x1; dy=y2-y1; if(abs(dx)>=abs(dy)){ step=abs(dx); } else { step=abs(dy); } for(i=0;i<=step;i++){ x1=x1+(dx/step); y1=y1+(dy/step); putpixel(x1,y1,6); } } void main(){ int gd=DETECT,gm; initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c://tc//bgi"); dda(); getch(); closegraph(); }

2. Use Bresenham’s line drawing algorithm for drawing thick line

#include<stdio.h> #include<graphics.h> #include<math.h>   void bline(float x1, float x2, float y1, float y2); void main(){     int gd=DETECT,gm;    Float wy,wx,x1,y1,x2,y2;    Int i,thickness;       initgraph(&gd,&gm,””);       printf(“Enter x1,y1,x2,y2:\n”);       scanf("%f%f%f%f",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2);     printf("\nEnter thickness of line: ");     scanf("%d",&thickness);     bline(x1,y1,x2,y2);     if((y2-y1)/(x2-x1)<1) {         wy=(thickness-1)*sqrt(pow((x2-x1),2)+pow((y2-y1),2))/(2*fabs(x2-x1));         for(i=0;i<wy;i++)      {             bline(x1,y1-i,x2,y2-i);             bline(x1,y1+i,x2,y2+i);      } }   else {         wx=(thickness-1)*sqrt(pow((x2-x1),2)+pow((y2-y1),2))/(2*fabs(y2-y1));         for(i=0;i<wx;i++)      {             bline(x1-i,y1,x2-i,y2);             bline(x1+i,y1,x2+i,y2);      } }   getch();     closegraph();     restorecrtmode(); } void bline(float x1,float y1,float x2,float y2) { float xinc,yinc,x,y; float dx,dy,e;     dx=abs(x2-x1);     dy=abs(y2-y1); if(x1<x2)      xinc=1; else      xinc=-1; if(y1<y2)      yinc=1; else      yinc=-1; x=x1; y=y1;      putpixel(x,y,WHITE);     if(dx>=dy) {        e=(2*dy)-dx;        while(x!=x2)     {            if(e<0)         {                e+=(2*dy);         }         else         {                e+=(2*(dy-dx));                y+=yinc;         }            x+=xinc;            putpixel(x,y,WHITE);      } } else {         e=(2*dx)-dy;         while(y!=y2)      {             if(e<0)          {                 e+=(2*dx);          }          else          {                 e+=(2*(dx-dy));                 x+=xinc;          }             y+=yinc;             putpixel(x,y,WHITE);      } } }

3. To draw a line using Bresenham’s Line algorithm.

#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<graphics.h> void drawLineBresenham(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2){ int dx, dy, p, x, y; dx = x2 - x1; dy = y2 - y1; x = x1; y = y1; p = 2 * dy - dx; while(x<=x2){ putpixel(x,y,1); delay(10); if(p>=0){ y++; p = p + 2 * dy - 2 * dx; } else { p = p + 2 * dy; } x++; }   } int main() { int gd=DETECT,gm; int x1,y1,x2,y2; initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C://TURBOC3//BGI"); printf("Enter the co-ordinates of the starting point(x1 y1): "); scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1); printf("Enter the co-ordinates of the ending point(x2 y2): "); scanf("%d %d",&x2,&y2); drawLineBresenham(x1,y1,x2,y2); getch(); closegraph(); return 0; }

4. To draw a circle using Bresenham’s Circle algorithm

#include <graphics.h>  #include <stdlib.h>  #include <stdio.h>  #include <conio.h>  #include <math.h>  void EightWaySymmetricPlot(int xc,int yc,int x,int y)     {  putpixel(x+xc,y+yc,RED);  putpixel(x+xc,-y+yc,YELLOW);  putpixel(-x+xc,-y+yc,GREEN);  putpixel(-x+xc,y+yc,YELLOW);  putpixel(y+xc,x+yc,12);  putpixel(y+xc,-x+yc,14);  putpixel(-y+xc,-x+yc,15);  putpixel(-y+xc,x+yc,6);     }  void BresenhamCircle(int xc,int yc,int r)     {  int x=0,y=r,d=3-(2*r);  EightWaySymmetricPlot(xc,yc,x,y);  while(x<=y)    {     if(d<=0)            {       d=d+(4*x)+6;     }    else     {       d=d+(4*x)-(4*y)+10;       y=y-1;     }      x=x+1;         EightWaySymmetricPlot(xc,yc,x,y);     }  }  int  main(void)     {          int xc,yc,r,gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;    initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");    errorcode = graphresult();     if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */    {       printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));       printf("Press any key to halt:");       getch();       exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */    }      printf("Enter the values of xc and yc :");      scanf("%d%d",&xc,&yc);      printf("Enter the value of radius  :");      scanf("%d",&r);      BresenhamCircle(xc,yc,r);      getch();    closegraph();    return 0;  }

5. To draw a circle using mid point circle algorithm

#include<stdio.h> #include<graphics.h> #include<math.h> main(){ int x1,y1,x,y,p; int gd=DETECT,gm; initgraph(&gd,&gm,""); printf("Enter the center(x1,y1) and the radius\n"); scanf("%d %d %d", &x1,&y1,&r); x=0; y=r; p=1-r; do{ putpixel(x1+x,y1+y,1); putpixel(x1+x,y1-y,1); putpixel(x1-x,y1+y,1); putpixel(x1-x,y1-y,1); putpixel(x1+y,y1+x,1); putpixel(x1+y,y1-x,1); putpixel(x1-y,y1+x,1); putpixel(x1-y,y1-x,1);   if (p<0){ p=p+2*x+3; x=x+1; } else{ p=p+2*x-2*y+5; x=x+1; y=y-1; } while(x<=y); getch(); closegraph(); } }

6. To implement Point Clipping

#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<graphics.h> void main() { int gm,  gr, xcmin, ycmin, xcmax, ycmax, x, y, c; clrscr(); detectgraph(&gm, &gr); initgraph(&gm, &gr,"d:\\tc\\BGI"); printf("Enter the clipmin coordinate :\n"); scanf("%d%d", &xcmin, &ycmin); printf("Enter the clipmax coordinate :\n"); scanf("%d%d",&xcmax, &ycmax); rectangle(xcmin, ycmax, xcmax, ycmin); printf("Enter the coordinate of the point:\n"); scanf("%d%d",&x,&y); detectgraph(&gm, &gr); initgraph(&gm, &gr,"d:\\tc\\BGI"); putpixel(x,y,15); printf("\n1.Point clipping\n2.Exit\nEnter your choice:\n"); scanf("%d",&c); switch(c) { case 1: detectgraph(&gm, &gr); initgraph(&gm, &gr,"d:\\tc\\BGI"); rectangle(xcmin, ycmax, xcmax, ycmin); printf("*******POINT CLIPPING******\n"); if((xcmin<x) && (x<xcmax)) { if((ycmin<y) && (y<ycmax)) { printf("The point is inside the clip window\n"); putpixel(x,y,15); } } else printf("The point is outside the clipwindow \nThe point is clipped\n"); break; case 2: exit(0); } getch(); }

7. Window is defined by A(20,20), B(90,20), C(90,70) and D(20,70). Clip the line

p1p2 with p1(5,60) and p2(30,90) using Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algo.

#include <stdio.h> #include <conio.h> #include <graphics.h> #define INSIDE 0 // 0000 #define LEFT 1   // 0001 #define RIGHT 2  // 0010 #define BOTTOM 4 // 0100 #define TOP 8    // 1000 int xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax; int computeCode(int x, int y) {     int code = INSIDE;     if (x < xmin)         code |= LEFT;     else if (x > xmax)         code |= RIGHT;     if (y < ymin)         code |= BOTTOM;     else if (y > ymax)         code |= TOP;     return code; } void cohenSutherlandClip(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {     int code1 = computeCode(x1, y1);     int code2 = computeCode(x2, y2);     int accept = 0;     while (1) {         if (!(code1 | code2)) {             accept = 1;             break;         } else if (code1 & code2) {             break;         } else {             int code_out;             int x, y;             if (code1 != 0)                 code_out = code1;             else                 code_out = code2;             if (code_out & TOP) {                 x = x1 + (x2 - x1) * (ymax - y1) / (y2 - y1);                 y = ymax;             } else if (code_out & BOTTOM) {                 x = x1 + (x2 - x1) * (ymin - y1) / (y2 - y1);                 y = ymin;             } else if (code_out & RIGHT) {                 y = y1 + (y2 - y1) * (xmax - x1) / (x2 - x1);                 x = xmax;             } else if (code_out & LEFT) {                 y = y1 + (y2 - y1) * (xmin - x1) / (x2 - x1);                 x = xmin;             }             if (code_out == code1) {                 x1 = x;                 y1 = y;                 code1 = computeCode(x1, y1);             } else {                 x2 = x;                 y2 = y;                 code2 = computeCode(x2, y2);             }         }     }     if (accept) {         setcolor(RED);         line(x1, y1, x2, y2);     } } int main() {     int gd = DETECT, gm;     initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\Turboc3\\BGI");     xmin = 20;     ymin = 20;     xmax = 90;     ymax = 70;     rectangle(xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax);     int x1 = 5, y1 = 60, x2 = 30, y2 = 90;     setcolor(WHITE);     line(x1, y1, x2, y2);     cohenSutherlandClip(x1, y1, x2, y2);     getch();     closegraph();     return 0; }

8. Clip the line between (100,100) to (450,300) against the window

(Xwmin,Ywmin)=(200,200) and (Xwmax,Ywmax) = (400,400) using Liang-

Barsky line clipping algo.

#include <stdio.h> #include <conio.h> #include <graphics.h> int x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max; void LBClip(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {     float u1 = 0.0, u2 = 1.0, dx = x2 - x1, dy = y2 - y1, p[4], q[4], r;     p[0] = -dx;     p[1] = dx;     p[2] = -dy;     p[3] = dy;     q[0] = x1 - x_min;     q[1] = x_max - x1;     q[2] = y1 - y_min;     q[3] = y_max - y1;     for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {         if (p[i] == 0) {             if (q[i] < 0) {                 return;             }         } else {             r = q[i] / p[i];             if (p[i] < 0) {                 if (r > u2) {                     return;                 } else if (r > u1) {                     u1 = r;                 }             } else {                 if (r < u1) {                     return;                 } else if (r < u2) {                     u2 = r;                 }             }         }     }     int new_x1 = x1 + u1 * dx;     int new_y1 = y1 + u1 * dy;     int new_x2 = x1 + u2 * dx;     int new_y2 = y1 + u2 * dy;     setcolor(RED);     line(new_x1, new_y1, new_x2, new_y2); } int main() {     int gd = DETECT, gm;     initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\Turboc3\\BGI");     x_min = 200;     y_min = 200;     x_max = 400;     y_max = 400;     rectangle(x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max);     int x1 = 100, y1 = 100, x2 = 450, y2 = 300;     setcolor(WHITE);     line(x1, y1, x2, y2);     LBClip(x1, y1, x2, y2);     getch();     closegraph();     return 0; }

9. To Translate an object

#include<conio.h> #include<graphics.h> #include<stdio.h> void main() { int gd=DETECT,gm;   int l[2][2],v[2]={10,15},i=0,j; clrscr(); initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI"); printf("Enter the initial and final coordinates of a line ");     while(i<2) { printf("x%d and y%d = ",i,i); j=0; scanf("%d",&l[i][j]); scanf("%d",&l[i][j+1]); i++; } // Line before translation line(l[0][0],l[0][1],l[1][0],l[1][1]); setcolor(BLUE); // Line after translation line(l[0][0]+v[0],l[0][1]+v[1],l[1][0]+v[0],l[1][1]+v[1]); getch(); closegraph(); }

10.To Scale any object

#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<graphics.h> void main(){ int x,y,x1,y1,x2,y2; int scl_fctr_x,scl_fctr_y; int gd=DETECT,gm; initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");   printf("\t\t\t********** Scaling ***********\n"); printf("\n\t\t\t Please enter first coordinate of Triangle = "); scanf("%d %d",&x,&y); printf("\n\t\t\t Please enter second coordinate of Triangle = "); scanf("%d %d",&x1,&y1); printf("\n\t\t\t Please enter third coordinate of Triangle = "); scanf("%d %d",&x2,&y2);   line(x,y,x1,y1); line(x1,y1,x2,y2); line(x2,y2,x,y);   printf("\n\t\t\t Now Enter Scaling factor x and y = "); scanf("%d %d",&scl_fctr_x,&scl_fctr_y);   x = x* scl_fctr_x; x1 = x1* scl_fctr_x; x2 = x2* scl_fctr_x; y = y* scl_fctr_y; y1 = y1* scl_fctr_y; y2= y2 * scl_fctr_y ;   line(x,y,x1,y1); line(x1,y1,x2,y2); line(x2,y2,x,y); getch(); closegraph();}

11.To rotate any object

#include<graphics.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<math.h>   void main(){ int gd=DETECT,gm; int pivot_x,pivot_y,x,y; double degree,radian; int rotated_point_x,rotated_point_y; initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C://TURBOC3//BGI"); cleardevice();   printf("\t\t*********** ROTATION *********** \n"); printf("\n Enter an initial coordinates of the line = "); scanf("%d %d",&pivot_x,&pivot_y); printf("\n Enter a final coordinates of the line = "); scanf("%d %d",&x,&y); line(pivot_x,pivot_y,x,y); printf("\n\n Now, Enter a degree = "); scanf("%lf",&degree);   radian=degree*0.01745; rotated_point_x=(int)(pivot_x+((x-pivot_x)*cos(radian)-(y-pivot_y)*sin(radian))); rotated_point_y=(int)(pivot_y+((x-pivot_x)*sin(radian)+(y-pivot_y)*cos(radian)));   setcolor(RED); line(pivot_x,pivot_y,rotated_point_x,rotated_point_y); getch(); closegraph();}

12.To implement Boundary fill algorithm using Four connected method

#include<stdio.h> #include<graphics.h> #include<dos.h>   void boundaryfill(int x,int y,int f_color,int b_color) { if(getpixel(x,y)!=b_color && getpixel(x,y)!=f_color) { putpixel(x,y,f_color); boundaryfill(x+1,y,f_color,b_color); boundaryfill(x,y+1,f_color,b_color); boundaryfill(x-1,y,f_color,b_color); boundaryfill(x,y-1,f_color,b_color); } } //getpixel(x,y) gives the color of specified pixel   int main() { int gm,gd=DETECT,radius; int x,y; printf("Enter x and y positions for circle\n"); scanf("%d%d",&x,&y); printf("Enter radius of circle\n"); scanf("%d",&radius); initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\turboc3\\bgi"); circle(x,y,radius); boundaryfill(x,y,4,15); delay(5000); closegraph(); return 0; }

13.To implement Boundary fill algorithm using Eight connected method

#include<stdio.h> #include<graphics.h> #include<dos.h>   void boundaryfill(int x,int y,int f_color,int b_color) { if(getpixel(x,y)!=b_color && getpixel(x,y)!=f_color) { putpixel(x, y, f_colour);       boundary_fill(x + 1, y, f_colour, b_colour);       boundary_fill(x - 1, y, f_colour, b_colour);       boundary_fill(x, y + 1, f_colour, b_colour);       boundary_fill(x, y - 1, f_colour, b_colour);       boundary_fill(x + 1, y + 1, f_colour, b_colour);    boundary_fill (x - 1, y - 1, f_colour, b_colour);       boundary_fill(x + 1, y - 1, f_colour, b_colour);       boundary_fill(x - 1, y + 1, f_colour, b_colour); } } //getpixel(x,y) gives the color of specified pixel   int main() { int gm,gd=DETECT,radius; int x,y; printf("Enter x and y positions for circle\n"); scanf("%d%d",&x,&y); printf("Enter radius of circle\n"); scanf("%d",&radius); initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\turboc3\\bgi"); circle(x,y,radius); boundaryfill(x,y,4,15); delay(5000); closegraph(); return 0; }

14.To implement flood fill algorithm

#include<stdio.h>   #include<graphics.h>   void floodfill(int x, int y, int old, int newcol) {       int current = getpixel(x, y);       if(current == old) {           putpixel(x, y, newcol);           floodfill(x + 1, y, old, newcol);           floodfill(x - 1, y, old, newcol);           floodfill(x, y + 1, old, newcol);           floodfill(x, y - 1, old, newcol);           floodfill(x + 1, y + 1, old, newcol);           floodfill(x - 1, y + 1, old, newcol);           floodfill(x + 1, y - 1, old, newcol);           floodfill(x - 1, y - 1, old, newcol);       }   }   void main() {       int gd = DETECT, gm;       initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");       rectangle(50, 50, 150, 150);       floodfill(70, 70, 0, 15);       getch();       closegraph();   }

15.To implement Bezier Curves

#include <stdio.h> #include <graphics.h> #include <math.h>   int x[4]={200,100,200,250}; int y[4]={200,150,75,100};   void bezier () { int i; double t,xt,yt;   for (t = 0.0; t < 1.0; t += 0.0005) { xt = pow(1-t,3)*x[0]+3*t*pow(1-t,2)*x[1]+3*pow(t,2)*(1-t)*x[2]+pow(t,3)*x[3]; yt = pow(1-t,3)*y[0]+3*t*pow(1-t,2)*y[1]+3*pow(t,2)*(1-t)*y[2]+pow(t,3)*y[3]; putpixel (xt, yt,WHITE); } for (i=0; i<4; i++)  putpixel (x[i], y[i], YELLOW); getch(); closegraph(); } void main() { int gd = DETECT, gm; initgraph (&gd, &gm, "..\\bgi"); bezier (); }

16. Implement Reflection about origin

#include<graphics.h> #include<conio.h> void reflectAboutOrigin(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {     int gd = DETECT, gm;     initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");          // Original line     setcolor(WHITE);     line(x1, y1, x2, y2);          // Reflected line     setcolor(RED);     line(-x1, -y1, -x2, -y2);     getch();     closegraph(); } int main() {     int x1 = 100, y1 = 100, x2 = 200, y2 = 200;     reflectAboutOrigin(x1, y1, x2, y2);     return 0; }

17.Perform Reflection along X-axis

#include<graphics.h> #include<conio.h> void reflectAboutXAxis(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {     int gd = DETECT, gm;     initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");          // Original line     setcolor(WHITE);     line(x1, y1, x2, y2);          // Reflected line     setcolor(RED);     line(x1, -y1, x2, -y2);     getch();     closegraph(); } int main() {     int x1 = 100, y1 = 100, x2 = 200, y2 = 200;     reflectAboutXAxis(x1, y1, x2, y2);     return 0; }

18.Perform Reflection along Y-axis

#include<graphics.h> #include<conio.h> void reflectAboutYAxis(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {     int gd = DETECT, gm;     initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");          // Original line     setcolor(WHITE);     line(x1, y1, x2, y2);          // Reflected line     setcolor(RED);     line(-x1, y1, -x2, y2);     getch();     closegraph(); } int main() {     int x1 = 100, y1 = 100, x2 = 200, y2 = 200;     reflectAboutYAxis(x1, y1, x2, y2);     return 0; }

19.Perform Reflection along the line(x=y)

#include<graphics.h> #include<conio.h> void reflectAlongLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {     int gd = DETECT, gm;     initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");          // Original line     setcolor(WHITE);     line(x1, y1, x2, y2);          // Reflected line     setcolor(RED);     line(y1, x1, y2, x2);     getch();     closegraph(); } int main() {     int x1 = 100, y1 = 100, x2 = 200, y2 = 200;     reflectAlongLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);     return 0; }

20. Implement X-shear and y-shear

#include <graphics.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> void drawRectangle(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {     int gd = DETECT, gm;     initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");     // Original rectangle     rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2);     // X-shear transformation     int x_shear_factor = 2;     line(x1 + x_shear_factor * y1, y1, x2 + x_shear_factor * y2, y2);     // Y-shear transformation     int y_shear_factor = 2;     line(x1, y1 + y_shear_factor * x1, x2, y2 + y_shear_factor * x2);     getch();     closegraph(); } int main() {     int x1 = 100, y1 = 100, x2 = 200, y2 = 200;     drawRectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2);     return 0; }

21. fill the polygon using scanline polygon filling algorithm with the test cases given

below,

1) Number of vertices : 3 A(100,200) , B(50 100), C(200,20)

2) Number of vertices: 5 A(50,100) , B (10,40 ) , C(60,60) , D (70,80), E(100,20)

#include <graphics.h> #include <stdio.h> void scanlineFill(int numVertices, int arrX[], int arrY[]) {     int gd = DETECT, gm;     initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");     int i, j, temp, x1, y1, x2, y2, ymax;     for (i = 0; i < numVertices; i++) {         j = (i + 1) % numVertices;         x1 = arrX[i];         y1 = arrY[i];         x2 = arrX[j];         y2 = arrY[j];         if (y1 > y2) {             temp = x1;             x1 = x2;             x2 = temp;             temp = y1;             y1 = y2;             y2 = temp;         }         if (y1 == y2) {             if (x1 > x2) {                 temp = x1;                 x1 = x2;                 x2 = temp;             }             for (j = x1; j <= x2; j++)                 putpixel(j, y1, WHITE);         } else {             for (j = y1; j <= y2; j++) {                 ymax = (x2 - x1) * (j - y1) / (y2 - y1) + x1;                 for (int k = x1; k <= ymax; k++)                     putpixel(k, j, WHITE);             }         }     }     getch();     closegraph(); } int main() {     int numVertices1 = 3;     int arrX1[] = {100, 50, 200};     int arrY1[] = {200, 100, 20};     scanlineFill(numVertices1, arrX1, arrY1);     int numVertices2 = 5;     int arrX2[] = {50, 10, 60, 70, 100};     int arrY2[] = {100, 40, 60, 80, 20};     scanlineFill(numVertices2, arrX2, arrY2);     return 0; }

22. Create a given fractal object.

23. Program for creating simple car shape

#include <graphics.h> #include <conio.h> int main()  { // Initializing graphic driver and graphic mode variable int graphicdriver=DETECT, graphicmode; // Calling initgraph function with certain parameters initgraph(&graphicdriver, &graphicmode, "C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI"); // Printing message for the user outtextxy(100, 100, "Program to draw a car with pre-defined functions in C graphics"); // Using pre-defined functions like rectangle and circle. rectangle(200, 300, 500, 400); // Car body rectangle(300, 250, 450, 300); // Car roof circle(250, 410, 25); // Left wheel circle(450, 410, 25); // Right wheel line(500, 300, 500, 400); // Rear window getch(); closegraph(); return 0; }

24. Write a C-program for performing the translation of 3D object?

#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<math.h> #include<process.h> #include<graphics.h> int x1,x2,y1,y2,mx,my,depth; void draw(); void trans(); void main() { int gd=DETECT,gm,c; initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TurboC3\\BGI"); printf("\n\t\t3D Translation\n\n"); printf("\nEnter 1st top value(x1,y1):"); scanf("%d%d",&x1,&y1); printf("Enter right bottom value(x2,y2):"); scanf("%d%d",&x2,&y2); depth=(x2-x1)/4; mx=(x1+x2)/2; my=(y1+y2)/2; draw(); getch(); cleardevice(); trans(); getch(); } void draw() { bar3d(x1,y1,x2,y2,depth,1); } void trans() { int a1,a2,b1,b2,dep,x,y; printf("\n Enter the Translation Distances:"); scanf("%d%d",&x,&y); a1=x1+x; a2=x2+x; b1=y1+y; b2=y2+y; dep=(a2-a1)/4; bar3d(a1,b1,a2,b2,dep,1); setcolor(5); draw(); }

25. Write a C program for movement of ball from left to right and vice-versa

#include <graphics.h> #include <conio.h> int main() {     int gd = DETECT, gm, midx, midy;     initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");     midx = getmaxx() / 2;     midy = getmaxy() / 2;     int radius = 50;     int x = midx - radius, y = midy;     int xmax = getmaxx() - radius;     int xmin = radius;     int direction = 1; // 1 for right, -1 for left     while (!kbhit()) {         setcolor(BLACK);         circle(x, y, radius);         x += direction;         setcolor(WHITE);         circle(x, y, radius);         delay(10);         if (x >= xmax || x <= xmin) {             direction *= -1;         }     }     getch();     closegraph();     return 0; }

26. Write a C program for man walking

#include <graphics.h> #include <conio.h> void drawMan(int x, int y) {     circle(x, y, 10);  // head     line(x, y + 10, x, y + 30);  // body     line(x, y + 30, x - 10, y + 50);  // left leg     line(x, y + 30, x + 10, y + 50);  // right leg     line(x, y + 15, x - 10, y + 25);  // left hand     line(x, y + 15, x + 10, y + 5);   // right hand } int main() {     int gd = DETECT, gm;     initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");     int maxX = getmaxx();     for (int i = 0; i < maxX - 100; i++) {         cleardevice();         drawMan(i, 100);         delay(100);     }     getch();     closegraph();     return 0; }

27. Draw our national flag by using graphics functions and fill appropriate colors by using boundary fill algorithm.

#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<graphics.h> #include<dos.h> #include<math.h>   int main()   {      int gdriver = DETECT,gmode, a,b,i,r,x,y;        initgraph(&gdriver,&gmode,"C:\\TC\\BGI");       //draw the bottom rectangle      setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,1);      rectangle(10,320,200,340);      floodfill(11,321,15);      rectangle(30,300,175,320);      floodfill(31,301,15);      rectangle(50,280,155,300);      floodfill(51,281,15);      //pole      setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,3);      rectangle(100,38,110,280);      floodfill(101,39,15);     //draw the top rectangle      setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,RED);      rectangle(110,40,220,58);      floodfill(111,43,15);      setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,15);      rectangle(110,58,220,78);      floodfill(111,59,15);      setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,GREEN);      rectangle(110,78,220,98);      floodfill(111,79,15);     //Ashok chakra     //      a=160;      b=68;      r=13;     setcolor(BLUE);     circle(a,b,r);     for(i=0;i<=360;i=i+25)     {        x=r*cos(i*3.14/180);        y=r*sin(i*3.14/180);       line(a,b,a+x,b-y);     } getch(); return 0;    closegraph();   }